AMPDB_103 | Proenkephalin-A

1 General Description

AMPDB ID: AMPDB_103

Protein Names: Proenkephalin-A [Cleaved into: Synenkephalin; Met-enkephalin (Opioid growth factor) (OGF); PENK(111-130); PENK(140-179); Met-enkephalin-Arg-Gly-Leu; Leu-enkephalin; Enkelytin; PENK(233-254); Met-enkephalin-Arg-Phe]

Protein Family: Opioid neuropeptide precursor family

Gene Name: PENK

Source Organism: Bos taurus (Bovine)

Protein Length: 263 AA

Protein Existence: Evidence at protein level

2 Protein Sequence & Composition

MARFLGLCTWLLALGPGLLATVRAECSQDCATCSYRLARPTDLNPLACTLECEGKLPSLKTWETCKELLQLTKLELPPDATSALSKQEESHLLAKKYGGFMKRYGGFMKKMDELYPLEVEEEANGGEVLGKRYGGFMKKDAEEDDGLGNSSNLLKELLGAGDQREGSLHQEGSDAEDVSKRYGGFMRGLKRSPHLEDETKELQKRYGGFMRRVGRPEWWMDYQKRYGGFLKRFAEPLPSEEEGESYSKEVPEMEKRYGGFMRF

FASTA format

Counts of Amino Acids

'A': 15, 'R': 18, 'N': 4, 'D': 12, 'C': 7, 'Q': 7, 'E': 32, 'G': 30, 'H': 3, 'I': 0, 'L': 35, 'K': 22, 'M': 10, 'F': 10, 'P': 12, 'S': 15, 'T': 10, 'W': 4, 'Y': 11, 'V': 6

Frequencies of Amino Acids

'A': 5.7%, 'R': 6.84%, 'N': 1.52%, 'D': 4.56%, 'C': 2.66%, 'Q': 2.66%, 'E': 12.17%, 'G': 11.41%, 'H': 1.14%, 'I': 0%, 'L': 13.31%, 'K': 8.37%, 'M': 3.8%, 'F': 3.8%, 'P': 4.56%, 'S': 5.7%, 'T': 3.8%, 'W': 1.52%, 'Y': 4.18%, 'V': 2.28%

Missing Amino Acid(s)

Most Occurring Amino Acid(s)

Less Occurring Amino Acid(s)

Hydrophobic Amino Acid(s) Count

122

Hydrophilic Amino Acid(s) Count

141

Basic Amino Acid(s) Count

Acidic Amino Acid(s) Count

Modified Amino Acid(s) Count

Modified Amino Acid(s) Frequencies

Computed by biopython (version 1.79) & proteinAnalysis (version 1)

3 Physicochemical Properties

Sl. No.	Properties	Values	Reference
1.	Molecular Mass	29787.9 Da	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)
2.	Aliphatic Index	64.221	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)
3.	Instability Index (Half Life)	55.095	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)
4.	Hydrophobicity (GRAVY)	-0.712	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)
5.	Hydrophobic Moment	0.779	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)
6.	Isoelectric Point	5.566	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)
7.	Charge (at pH 7)	-4.117	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)
8.	Secondary Structure Fraction	0.251, 0.232, 0.35 [Helix, Turn, Sheet]	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)
9.	Aromaticity	0.095	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)
10.	Molar Extinction Coefficient (cysteine\|cystine)	38390, 38765	Computed by ProtParam module (biopython 1.79)

4.1 Target Organism(s)

Bacillus (Gram-positive), Micrococcus luteus (Gram-positive)

4.2 Antimicrobial Activity

Antibiotic, Antimicrobial, Anti-gram-Positive

4.3 Enzymatic Activity

4.4 Inhibitory Effect

4.5 Other Biological Activity

Non-hemolytic, Non-ribosomal

Activity data manually curated from Literature and UniProt

5 Database Cross-references

5.1 Literature Database

Citation 1: Noda M, Furutani Y, Takahashi H, et al. Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for bovine adrenal preproenkephalin. Nature. 1982;295(5846):202-6. Published 1982 Jan 21. doi:10.1038/295202a0

PMID: 6276759

Citation 2: Gubler U, Seeburg P, Hoffman BJ, et al. Molecular cloning establishes proenkephalin as precursor of enkephalin-containing peptides. Nature. 1982;295(5846):206-8. Published 1982 Jan 21. doi:10.1038/295206a0

PMID: 6173760

Citation 3: Comb M, Herbert E, Crea R, et al. Partial characterization of the mRNA that codes for enkephalins in bovine adrenal medulla and human pheochromocytoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982;79(2):360-4. Published 1982 Jan. doi:10.1073/pnas.79.2.360

PMID: 6952189

Citation 4: Goumon Y, Strub JM, Moniatte M, et al. The C-terminal bisphosphorylated proenkephalin-A-(209-237)-peptide from adrenal medullary chromaffin granules possesses antibacterial activity. Eur J Biochem. 1996;235(3):516-25. Published 1996 Feb 1. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1996.t01-1-00516.x

PMID: 8654396

Citation 5: Yasothornsrikul S, Greenbaum D, Medzihradszky KF, et al. Cathepsin L in secretory vesicles functions as a prohormone-processing enzyme for production of the enkephalin peptide neurotransmitter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(16):9590-5. Published 2003 Aug 5. doi:10.1073/pnas.1531542100

PMID: 12869695

5.2 Protein Sequence Databases

5.3 3D Structure Databases

AlphaFoldDB: P01211

5.4 Nucleotide Sequence Databases